Kayı boyu
The Kayı or Kai tribe (Middle Turkic: قَيِغْ, romanized: Kayığ; Turkish: Kayı boyu, Turkmen: Gaýy taýpasy) were an Oghuz Turkic people and a sub-branch of the Bozok tribal federation. In the 11th century Mahmud al-Kashgari cited Kayı (Kayığ) as of one of 22 Oghuz tribes in his Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk. The word kayı means "the one who has might and power by relationship".
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Origin[edit][bewerken]
In his history work Shajara-i Tarākima, the khan of the Khanate of Khiva and historian, Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur, mentions Kayı among 24 Oghuz Turkic tribes, direct descendants of Oghuz-khan, who was the ancient progenitor of the Oghuz people. The name of the tribe translates as “strong”. In his extensive history work “Jami' al-tawarikh” (Collection of Chronicles), the statesman and historian of the Ilkhanate Rashid-al-Din Hamadani also says that the Kayı tribe comes from the oldest of Oghuz Khan's 24 grandchildren who were the patriarchs of the ancient Oghuz tribes, and the name Kayı means “powerful”.
Hungarian scholar Gyula Németh (1969) links Kayı(ğ) with to another people whom Muslim scholars called Qay, identified with the (para-)Mongolic-speaking Xí (< MC *ɣiei 奚) in Chinese sources, Dad-pyi in Old Tibetan, and Tatabï on Orkhon inscriptions; however, this identification is rejected by Köprülü among others. Later on, Németh (1991) proposes that Mg. Qay is derived from Tk. root qað- "snowstorm, blizzard"; nevertheless, Golden points out that Qay has several Mongolic etymologies: ɣai "misfortune", χai "interjection of grief", χai "to seek", χai "to hew".
History[edit][bewerken]
Selçukname variant Kayı tamga. According to Ottoman tradition, Osman I, the founder of Ottoman Empire, was a descendent of the Kayı tribe. This claim has, however, been called into serious question by many modern historians. The only evidence for the Ottomans' Kayı descent came from genealogies written during the fifteenth century, more than a hundred years after the life of Osman. More significantly, the earliest genealogies written by the Ottomans did not include any reference to Kayı descent at all, indicating that it may have been fabricated at a later date. Coin of 500 old Turkmen Manats(2001) depicting monument to Ertuğrul Ghazi of the Kayi tribe in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
The famous Oghuz Turkish folk narrator, soothsayer and bard Gorkut-ata (Dede Korkut) belonged to the Kayı tribe [1]. In the 10th century, the Central Asian Oghuz Yabgu State was headed by supreme leaders (or Yabghu) who belonged to the Kayi tribe.
In the Middle Ages, part of the Kayi tribe moved from Central Asia to what is now Ukraine, they are known in the Old Russian Chronicles as kovuy and kaepichi. According to the famous Soviet and Russian linguist and turkologist A. V. Superanskaya, the origin of the name of the city of Kiev is associated with the Kayı tribe: "As ethnographers testify, ethnically “pure” peoples do not and cannot exist. On the contrary, new peoples arise from ethnic mixes of two or more peoples, usually assimilating the best features of each. There are many folk legends that the beginning of a nation was laid by two (or several) brothers ... Apparently, something similar lies behind the legend of Kiy, Schek, Horev and Lybed. The tribal name Kyy (Kiy) belonged to the ancient Turkic peoples. It is still present in the names of tribal structures of modern Turkic peoples ”[2].
The Kayı tribe were the founders of such medieval Anatolian Beyliks as İsfendiyaroğulları and Çobanoğulları.
With the Russified name Kaitag (Mountain Kayı) the Kayı tribe played a prominent role in the history of the Caucasus, and now the Kaitag language is classified as one of five dialects of the Kumyk language, which for ten centuries (10–19 cc.) was a lingua franca in the North Caucasus. Kaitag principality was a leading component of the Shamkhalate of Kazi-Kumukh state on the Caspian western seaboard that in different forms lasted from the 8th to the 19th centuries. Kaitag textiles, stamped out under the Soviet rule, remain distinct in their artistry and workmanship.
Kayı Tribe in Modern Times[edit][bewerken]
In Anatolia, twenty seven villages bear the name of Kayı.
In Turkmenistan, the Kayı tribe is one of the main divisions of the Geklen Turkmens living in the Balkan region and consists of the following clans: adnakel, ak kel, alatelpek, bagly, barak, burkaz, ganjyk, gapan, garabalkan, garawul, garagol, garagul, garadaşly, garakel, garga, garyşmaz and others. The Kayı are also a clan among the Bayat Turkmens of the Lebap Region.
Inspirations[edit][bewerken]
The name and logo of the İYİ Party (means Good in Turkish) of Meral Akşener is inspired by the seal of the Kayı tribe.
Dit artikel "Kayı boyu" is uit Wikipedia. De lijst van zijn auteurs is te zien in zijn historische en/of op de pagina Edithistory:Kayı boyu.
